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McHugh J generated similar statements within the Acquire v This new Southern Wales (2002) 211 CLR 317, 352 fn 95

McHugh J generated similar statements within the Acquire v This new Southern Wales (2002) 211 CLR 317, 352 fn 95

Presumably, not, frustrated damages arrive in which a state performs from inside the carelessness hence might have been framed when you look at the trespass: Michael Tilbury, Municipal Cures (1990) vol 1, 161

(134) Look for, including, Ian Fagelson, ‘The Past Bastion out of Fault? Contributory Negligence in the Strategies getting Employers’ Liability’ (1979) 42 Modern Rules Review 646, 646, 663; Adrian Brooks, Guidebook to help you Australian Work-related Safety and health Laws (3rd ed, 1988) 94-6; J A great Griffin, ‘Accident Litigation–Current Developments’ (1984) 14(2) Queensland Rules Society Diary 67, 68; Neil Cunningham, Protecting brand new Personnel (1984) six, 240, 360.

(135) Look for, including, Schellenberg v Canal Holdings Pty Ltd (2000) two hundred CLR 121, 161 (Kirby J); Australian Traineeship System v Wafta NSWCA 230 (Unreported, Handley, Giles and McColl JJA, ) (Handley JA); Boyded Marketplace Pty Ltd v Canuto NSWCA 256 (Unreported, Beazley and you will Santow JJA and you may Stein AJA, ) – (Beazley JA).

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(136) Come across John Gardner, ‘Crime: In proportion and Perspective’ into the Andrew Ashworth and you will entals of Sentencing Theory: Essays inside the Honour off Andrew von Hirsch (1998) 31, 38-41; Abel, significantly more than n forty-two, 791.

(137) Apparently injunctive recovery try unavailable within the negligence tips within common law: find Cane, ‘Retribution, Proportionality, and you will Moral Chance for the Tort Law’, more than n 8, 161. Yet not, legislation empowers courts in some jurisdictions to give you an enthusiastic injunction during the which context: Judiciary Act 1903 (Cth) s 37; Government Court away from Australia Operate 1976 (Cth) s twenty-two; Finest Court Act 1986 (Vic) s 37; Best Courtroom Work 1970 (NSW) s 66; Best Legal Operate 1933 (ACT) s 34; Best Court Work (NT) s 19; Best Judge Operate 1935 (SA) s 30; Finest Court Legislation 2002 (Tas) roentgen 443(1)(a).

(138) Just like the concern is perhaps not free from doubt, apparently excellent injuries are available in value off neglect. You will find safeguarded dicta help their availableness when you look at the Grey v System Collision Percentage (1998) 196 CLR step one, 9-ten (Gleeson CJ, McHugh, Gummow and you will Hayne JJ), 28-nine (Kirby J) (for a complaints, discover Rachael Mulheron, ‘The Way to obtain Exemplary Damages from inside the Negligence’ (2000) cuatro Macarthur Rules Comment 61), and therefore look at is actually supported by a number of commentators: see, such as, Fleming, Legislation off Torts, more than n 84, 273-4. The latest Privy Council recently verified that exemplary problems is awarded for neglect into the The newest Zealand: A-v Bottrill step 3 WLR 1406 (to own a critique, pick Roseages during the The new Zealand: The end of the story?’ (2003) 11 Torts Rules Log 20).

(139) There is a paucity of authority as to whether aggravated damages are available for negligence. In Hunter Area Health Service v ) 57 NSWLR 268, 288, Mason P expressed ‘serious doubt’ as to whether such damages are available. The Law Commission for England and Wales expressed similar doubts in its report: Law Commission for England and Wales, Aggravated, Restitutionary and Exemplary Damages, Report No 247 (1997) [2.10], [2.26]-[2.36] < Contra Harold Luntz, Assessment of Damages for Personal Injury and Death (4th ed, 2002) 82-3.

Get a hold of plus Inverell Civil Council v Pennington Aust Torts Reports [paragraph]81-234, 62 406 (Clarke JA)

(140) Excellent and you will frustrated damages was barely granted while having come abolished in a few contexts in many jurisdictions: Civil law (Wrongs) Work 2002 (ACT) s 16(2); Municipal Liability Act 2002 (NSW) s 21; Engine Crashes Work 1988 (NSW) s 81 A beneficial; Motor Crashes Compensation Act 1999 (NSW) s 144; Workers Payment Operate 1987 (NSW) s 151 R; Private 1n juries (Liabilities and you may Problems) Act 2003 (NT) s 19; Municipal Liability Act 2003 (Qld) s 52; Cars Work 1959 (SA) s 113A; Accident Compensation Operate 1985 (Vic) ss 134AB(22)(c), 135A(7)(c). Exemplary damages was abolished of the implication from the s 93 regarding brand new Transport Accident Work 1986 (Vic): discover Luntz, Investigations off Injuries for personal Burns off and you can Passing, significantly more than n 139, 76 fn 477. The writer isn’t aware of any cases where an enthusiastic injunction could have been granted throughout the neglect perspective. The newest apparent absence of times about area try unsurprising, considering that it is sometimes complicated to help you imagine a situation in which irresponsible make could well be anticipated with sufficient precision in order to guarantee an enthusiastic injunction.

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